France vs America essays

France vs America essays A Comaprison between France and America There are few countries in the world that share as similar governmental structures as the United States and France. It would be expected, however, that France and America would share such similarities in government based upon the fact that the original French Constitution was inspired by the U.S. constitution. Like America, France has an Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch. However, the processes by which tasks are carried out by each of these branches are all slightly different from that of the United States. It is for this reason that the comparison of these two countries is so interesting; broadly speaking, both governments appear very similar, however, when looked at more closely there are smaller distinctions that keep them separate and unique. While examining the smaller differences between both countries, the chief distinction between the two governmentsthe political party system-will be discussed in detail. France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. In 1958, France constructed a presidential democracy that has been resistant to the instabilities that other parliamentary democracies have faced. In recent years, Frances reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved to be key in the economic integration of Europe, which includes the introduction of a common exchange currency, the euro, in January 1999. Currently, France is at the forefront of European states and it continues to grow as a more unified and capable country. France, like the United States, is a republic with a written constitution. As previously noted, the French constitution was modeled after the U.S. constitution containing a preamble, seventeen articles, as well as illustrating the principle of the separation of powers. The French Constitution also spells out natural and indefeasible rights such as liberty, property, ...

Free Essays on Bid Peddling And Bid Shopping In The Construction Industry

Bid Peddling and Bid Shopping in the Construction Industry In this paper I will be discussion the effects of bid peddling and bid shopping on the different roles of those involved in the construction industry. I will touch on how prime contractors, sub-contractors, owners, and the design professionals are affected by this practice. A prime contractor submits a bid for a construction project based in part on bids that they have received from subcontractors for work associated with the job. To arrive at the bid figure, they use the lowest bid for each item of work on a project (regardless of who submits the bid, their experience, or reputation) and may then deduct a percentage of the total. To avoid having their bid shopped, subcontractors often submit their bids at the deadline. Once a prime contractor is awarded the contract, they return to the subcontractors and pressure them to knock down their prices in order to get the job. They call in all subcontractors that could bid, showing them the bid price less a percentage for each subcontract. They ask subcontractors to bid for the work with permission to use any means possible to achieve a lower price. Suggest they use all possible contacts with the owner and design professional to allow for changes (under the guise of "value engineering"). They repeat the ab ove steps using the lowest price received each time a subcontract is re-bid until all but one subcontractor drops out of the bidding or there appears to be no further reduction attainable. Prime contractor makes submissions based on the lowest bids received, using all means possible of obtaining approvals (including the threat of legal action). Many times, inadequate designs and scope bids can result in low-ball bidding, where contractors underbid their competitors, knowing that they will pressure the subcontractors to meet their cost demands later in order to get the work. In Bid Peddling, the rules are reversed. Subcontracto... Free Essays on Bid Peddling And Bid Shopping In The Construction Industry Free Essays on Bid Peddling And Bid Shopping In The Construction Industry Bid Peddling and Bid Shopping in the Construction Industry In this paper I will be discussion the effects of bid peddling and bid shopping on the different roles of those involved in the construction industry. I will touch on how prime contractors, sub-contractors, owners, and the design professionals are affected by this practice. A prime contractor submits a bid for a construction project based in part on bids that they have received from subcontractors for work associated with the job. To arrive at the bid figure, they use the lowest bid for each item of work on a project (regardless of who submits the bid, their experience, or reputation) and may then deduct a percentage of the total. To avoid having their bid shopped, subcontractors often submit their bids at the deadline. Once a prime contractor is awarded the contract, they return to the subcontractors and pressure them to knock down their prices in order to get the job. They call in all subcontractors that could bid, showing them the bid price less a percentage for each subcontract. They ask subcontractors to bid for the work with permission to use any means possible to achieve a lower price. Suggest they use all possible contacts with the owner and design professional to allow for changes (under the guise of "value engineering"). They repeat the ab ove steps using the lowest price received each time a subcontract is re-bid until all but one subcontractor drops out of the bidding or there appears to be no further reduction attainable. Prime contractor makes submissions based on the lowest bids received, using all means possible of obtaining approvals (including the threat of legal action). Many times, inadequate designs and scope bids can result in low-ball bidding, where contractors underbid their competitors, knowing that they will pressure the subcontractors to meet their cost demands later in order to get the work. In Bid Peddling, the rules are reversed. Subcontracto...

Legal Aspects of Health Care College Case Study

Legal Aspects of Health Care College - Case Study Example Dr. William may also partially answer to the charges against him and partially demur to the complaint. "364.(a) No action based upon the health care provider's professional negligence may be commenced unless the defendant has been given at least 90 days' prior notice of the intention to commence the action." A subpoena refers to the process whereby a person is asked to appear in the court to testify in a case as a witness. Sections 1985 to 1997 of the California Code of Civil Procedures provide details on the conduct and types of subpoena. The person may be asked to personally present in the court to testify (depending upon the contents of subpoena) and provide expert opinion on a process in which he has expertise in; or he/ she may be asked to bring a book, record or any other form of document as evidences. In responding to a subpoena, the obligations may include producing personal record (if these are in possession) for Joan's treatment at the clinic; and providing professional opinion as to the sequence of events, conduct of professional expertise by Dr. Williams, etc. If a person provides false reports and testifies incorrectly, it may result in court taking actions against the subpoenaed (the person who is issued a subpoena). Thus, there is obligation to truthfully and accurately provide all required information to the court. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was developed to protect 'individually identifiable health information' in any form. The term individually identifiable health information is defined by the Act as: the individual's past, present or future physical or mental health or condition, the provision of health care to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). As appears from the case, Dr. Williams showed Joan's medical records to his friend and thus showed him the provision of health care to Joan. This is in violation of HIPAA. As per the Act, he was not supposed to share this information with anyone